Power of attorney
The Judicial Power of Spain is the set of Courts and Tribunals, made up of Judges and Magistrates, who have the power to administer justice on behalf of the King. Exclusively to said Courts and Tribunals corresponds the exercise of jurisdictional power, judging and executing what is judged. In exercise of this power, the Courts and Tribunals know and decide all the contentious processes of the civil, criminal, contentious-administrative, social and military orders. The knowledge and decision of said processes consists of the processing and pronouncement on the merits of the matter raised by the parties, whether these authorities or individuals.
Also, in the cases where the law allows it, the Courts and Tribunals are in charge of the knowledge and decision of matters that do not give rise to contention between parties, in the so-called voluntary jurisdiction processes, currently regulated in the Civil Procedure Law of 1881 These are mainly the protocolization of holographic wills (written by the testator in his own hand) and other civil acts that require judicial intervention.
Likewise, Judges of First Instance and, where appropriate, Justices of the Peace, are in charge of the Civil Status Registries, being responsible for the custody and keeping of the books that record the birth, civil status, the facts that affect the the capacity to act and the death of people.
Autonomous Communities of Spain
As a country located in Europe according to THERELIGIONFAQS, Spain is one of the most advanced nations in the world in terms of regional autonomy, forming a nation that although it is united under a single institution, the Crown, functions as a decentralized federation where the autonomous communities are the basis of the policy of the nation as they are closer to the town. Currently Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, each autonomous community one with the possibility of creating an autonomous government that regulates issues such as education, health, housing, employment, internal finances and taxes as well as serves as a bridge of dialogue with the government of the kingdom.
Autonomous communities:
- Andalusia
- Aragon
- Asturias
- Cantabria
- Castilla la Mancha
- Castile and Leon
- Catalonia
- Madrid’s community
- Valencian Community
- Estremadura
- Galicia
- Balearic Islands
- Canary Islands
- The Rioja
- Navarre
- Murcia
- Basque Country
Autonomous cities:
- Ceuta
- Melilla
The Spanish nation is considered one of the most decentralized European countries, since all its different territories administer their health and educational systems locally, as well as some aspects of the public budget; some of them, such as the Basque Country and Navarra, also manage their public financing without almost counting (with the exception of the quota) with the supervision of the Spanish central government.
- Spanish nationalism
Many of them have been legally adapting provisions in which they oblige their citizens to speak regional languages as well as to promote the use of their symbols such as the flag.
- Aragonese nationalism
- Asturian nationalism
- Catalan nationalism
- Canarian nationalism
- Galician nationalism
- Basque nationalism
International policy
Member of:
- ADB (non-regional member),
- AfDB (non-regional member),
- Arctic Council (observer),
- Australia Group,
- CABEI,
- BIS,
- CAN (observer),
- CBSS (observer),
- CD (Community of Democracies),
- Council of Europe,
- CERN,
- EAPC,
- EBRD,
- ECB,
- EIB,
- EITI,
- EMU,
- ESA,
- FAO,
- FATF,
- IADB,
- IAEA,
- IBRD,
- ICAO,
- ICRM,
- IDA,
- IEA,
- IFAD,
- IFC,
- IFRCS,
- IHO,
- IMF,
- IMO,
- IMSO,
- Interpol,
- IOC,
- IOM,
- IPU,
- ISO,
- ITSO,
- ITU,
- ITUC (NGOs),
- LAIA (observer),
- MIGA,
- NATO (since May 30, 1982),
- NEA,
- NSG,
- OAS (observer),
- OECD,
- ILO,
- WHO,
- UN (since December 14, 1955),
- OPCW,
- OSCE,
- Pacific Alliance (observer),
- Paris Club,
- PCA,
- Schengen Convention,
- SELEC (observer),
- SICA (observer),
- UNCTAD,
- UNESCO,
- UNHCR,
- UNITED,
- UNIFIL,
- Latin Union,
- European Union (since January 1, 1986),
- UNRWA,
- UNWTO,
- UPU,
- WCO,
- WIPO,
- WMO,
- WTO,
- ZC.
The Embassy of Spain in Havana. Spain is one of the European nations with the greatest relations with Cuba, despite the policies to promote internal dissent promoted by the Aznar and currently Rajoy governments.
The nation maintains relations with the majority of the nations of the world, especially with the nations of the Latin American and Caribbean regions and Asia, its main trading partners are the United States, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, China, Russia and Turkey.
Claims:
- Gibraltar (since 1704), in 2002, the residents of Gibraltar – descendants of the original British invaders – overwhelmingly voted by referendum to reject any “shared sovereignty” agreement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in the talks between the UK and Spain; Spain approves the UK’s plans to grant greater autonomy to Gibraltar.
- Morocco claims Spanish control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and the islands of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas and the Chafarinas islands, and the surrounding waters. Morocco serves as the main launch site for illegal immigration into Spain from North Africa
- Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the Congress of Vienna (1815) and the Treaty of Badajoz (1801).
