As a country located in Europe according to A2ZGOV, Hungary, in Hungarian, Magyarország, is a country located in Central Europe, without access to the sea and part of the European Union since 2004.
Geographic location
Republic located in central Europe ; It is bordered to the north by Slovakia, to the northeast by Ukraine, to the east by Romania, to the south by Serbia (part of the Federation of Serbia and Montenegro), Croatia and Slovenia, and to the west by Austria.
Hungary premagiar
The Carpathian Basin was reduced for a time in the realm of the Mediterranean. However, its squares, paved streets and written sources are part of the advances of the migration of the towns of composition.
Among the first to arrive are the Huns, who built a mighty empire under Attila the Hun. Attila was considered an ancient ruler of the Hungarians, but this argument has been rejected today by most scholars. After the kingdom of the Huns faded, the Ostrogoths and Lombards Germans came to Pannonia, and the Gepids occupied the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin for about 100 years. In the year 560 the Avars founded the Khanate of Avar, a state that held supremacy in the region for more than two centuries. Its military power is demonstrated by the frequent battles and victories over all its neighbors. The Khanate of Avar was weakened by constant wars and external pressure. Finally, the rule of the Avars ended when the Khanate was conquered by the Empire of Charlemagne in the West and the Bulgarians with Krum in the East. Neither of the two nor others were able to create a lasting state in the region, and in the 9th century the land was inhabited only by a small population of Slavs.
The Magyars (Hungarians) recently unified, guided by Árpád, began to settle in the Carpathian basin from 895. According to linguists, the Hungarians would have their origin in an ancient Finno-Ugric population that originally inhabited the wooded areas located between the river Volga and the Ural Mountains. King Arnulf I of Bavaria invited the Hungarians to occupy the lands of Svatopluk east of the Danube River. In 894, while Simeon of Bulgaria attacked the Byzantine Empire, Svatopluk questioned Arnulf by invading Pannonia. Both Arnulf and Leo VI the Wise, sought the help of the Hungarians, who were in a position to attack the Bulgarians and the Moravians from the rear. Arnulf maintained the alliance with the Hungarians until his death in 899.
Politics
The Basic Law establishes that Hungary is an independent, democratic state governed by the rule of law. Hungary is a republic and its form of government is a parliamentary republic. The government is accountable to the National Assembly and governs the country with the confidence of the majority. Legislative power rests with the National Assembly, composed of 199 members in a single chamber.
The National Assembly holds sessions in the House of Parliament in Budapest located on the bank of the Danube. Before 2014 Hungary’s electoral system was one of the most complicated in Europe. This system was reformed by the CCII Law of 2011, on the election of members of the National Assembly and its provisions were implemented for the first time during the general elections of 2014. That spring, about 8 million citizens elected 199 members of Parliament. for a term of four years, voting directly by secret ballot based on universal and equal suffrage. The 2014 vote saw the election of 106 members in individual constituencies and 93 deputies on national lists [1] .
Territorial organization
Hungary is administratively subdivided into twenty regions, of which nineteen are counties and the other is the capital city Budapest, among them are:
- Budapest, county of Budapest
- Debrecen, Hajdu-Bihar County
- Miskolc, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen county
- Szeged, Csongrad County
- Pecs, Baranya County
- Gyor, Gyor-Moson-Sopron County
- Nyiregyhaza, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg County
- Kecskemet, Bacs-Kiskun County
- Szekesfehervar, Fejer County
Economic development
Hungary is a moderately developed country, belonging to the European Union. Currently 80% of its economy is based in private hands.
Cattle raising
The livestock is very important, and is undergoing the process of restructuring agriculture. The puszta, the great herbaceous steppe, provides abundant and quality pastures. The main cabins are those for poultry, pigs, sheep and cattle. However, at present there is a trend towards stabling.
Mineral resources
The country has hardly any mineral resources, although it has bauxite in the Bakony mountains, whose exploitation is among the first in the world. The coal is poor, lignite that is extracted in Salgotarjan, Tatabanya, and Pecs, which is the real mining area. It also has some hydrocarbon deposits, but oil and natural gas must be imported, especially from Russia.
Industry
Industry is a dynamic sector in the process of modernization. The factories are mainly concentrated around Budapest. It stands out in the production of vehicles, textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics and agri-food. Since joining the European Union, it has benefited from multinational localization processes in search of a cheaper, highly productive labor force within the borders of the Union market.
Internal and external trade
Services have become the largest sector of the Hungarian economy. Trade has flourished, both internal and external. Its main trading partners are the members of the European Union. The road and rail network is in the process of modernization. Budapest is the great communications center of the country.
Currency
The unit of currency is the forint (which is divided into 100 fillér; 112.34 forins equaled 1 US dollar).
Demography
97% of the Hungarian population is Magyar, descendants of Finno-Ugric and Turkish tribes who mixed with the Avar and Slavic tribes in Hungary in the 9th century AD Among the country’s ethnic minorities are Germans, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Gypsies and Romanians.